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FOB, CIF, and landed cost for Indian food exporters — APEDA categories, duty structures, INR & USD
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between FOB, CIF, and landed cost?
FOB (Free on Board) is the price at the Indian port of loading — the seller's responsibility ends here. CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) includes ocean or air freight and marine insurance to the destination port. Landed cost adds import duties, customs clearance fees, and any last-mile delivery to the buyer's warehouse. For negotiations: FOB protects you from uncertain freight volatility; CIF gives the buyer a simpler all-in price but shifts freight risk to you.
What export costs does an Indian food exporter typically incur?
Typical origin costs: inland freight from factory to ICD or port (₹15,000–40,000 per truck), CFS/port handling (₹8,000–15,000 per container), customs clearance and export documentation including ARE-1, phytosanitary, and health certificates (₹5,000–12,000), APEDA certification if applicable. Ocean freight to the UAE or GCC is $600–1,200 per 20' container; to the UK or EU, $1,200–2,200; to the USA, $1,500–2,800. Air freight is typically 6–8× ocean freight per kg.
Do Indian food exports attract GST or any duty refunds?
Exports are zero-rated under GST — you don't charge GST on exports and can claim a refund of input GST paid on raw materials and packaging. You may also be eligible for RoDTEP (Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products) rates by HS code, and for duty drawback on any imported inputs used in your product. These refunds can reduce effective export cost by 2–6%, so factor them into your pricing floor before negotiating with overseas buyers.
Which APEDA categories require special documentation?
Basmati rice exports require an APEDA certificate and adherence to minimum export price (MEP) guidelines. Marine products need MPEDA registration and health certificates. Organic products require accreditation from APEDA-approved certifying agencies. Spices and spice products require a Spices Board certificate. Meat and poultry exports require plant approvals from APEDA and FSSAI. Processed food for the EU additionally requires EIC (Export Inspection Council) certification. Always check the latest commodity-specific export policy on the DGFT portal before shipping.